N.B. This is a good general source of information on a variety of human rights issues, at least through 2023. The 2024 report is abbreviated and watered down for many countries. Please cite the PDF version and include page numbers.
2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
Citation format: Authoring Organization, Title: Subtitle in italics, by Author(s) Names (Location of Publication: Publisher, Month and year), page number(s) referenced, available online at URL.
Citation example: United States Department of State, Lesotho 2024 Human Rights Report (Washington D.C.: United States Department of State, 2025), 14, available online at https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/lesotho/.
2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
Citation format: Authoring Organization, Title: Subtitle in italics, by Author(s) Names (Location of Publication: Publisher, Month and year), page number(s) referenced, available online at URL.
Citation example: United States Department of State, Marshall Islands 2023 Human Rights Report (Washington D.C.: United States Department of State, 2024), 2, available online at https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/marshall-islands/.
2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
Citation format: Authoring Organization, Title: Subtitle in italics, by Author(s) Names (Location of Publication: Publisher, Month and year), page number(s) referenced, available online at URL.
Citation example: United States Department of State, Kenya 2022 Human Rights Report (Washington D.C.: United States Department of State, 2023), 2, available online at https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/kenya.
2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/
Citation format: Authoring Organization, Title: Subtitle in italics, by Author(s) Names (Location of Publication: Publisher, Month and year), page number(s) referenced, available online at URL.
Citation example: United States Department of State, Liberia 2021 Human Rights Report (Washington D.C.: United States Department of State, 2022), 3, available online at https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/liberia.
Backup link in case the State Department takes down any reports from 2019-2024
(provided by the International Commission Against the Death Penalty)
Consult this page to find information on the status of votes for the UN General Assembly Moratorium Resolution.
Citation format: Name of Organization, “Name of Article/Section of Website,” date accessed, URL.
Citation example: International Commission Against the Death Penalty, “UNGA Moratorium Resolution Table,” accessed Sept. 09, 2025, https://icomdp.org/map-unga/.
(provided by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights)
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=12&Lang=EN
Consult this page to search whether a country has signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR or taken any steps toward ratification.
Citation format: Name of Organization, “Name of Article/Section of Website,” date accessed, URL.
Citation example: UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Ratification Status for Barbados,” accessed Sept. 09, 2025, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=12&Lang=EN.
https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-and-subject-groups/death-penalty-research-unit/dpru-research#:~:text=The%20Death%20Penalty%20Research%20Unit,survey%20of%20the%20death%20penalty
Reports
Citation format: Authoring Organization, Title: Subtitle in italics, by Author(s) Names (Location of Publication: Publisher, Month and year), page number(s) referenced, available online at URL.
Citation example: Death Penalty Research Unit, The role of socioeconomic factors in Indonesia’s punitive drug policy regime, by Daniel Cullen and Carolyn Hoyle (Oxford: Death Penalty Research Unit, Mar. 2025), 27, available online at https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2025-03/ODA%20report%20-%20English.pdf.
Books
Citation format: Name of Author/Authoring Organization, Title of Book in italics (Publishing Location: Publishing Organization, year of publication), page number(s) referenced.
Citation example: Roger Hood and Carolyn Hoyle, The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 520-525.
Academic articles
Citation format: Author, Title in italics, volume number (space) Name of Journal (space) hum on which article begins, page number(s) referenced (year of publication).
Citation example: Carolyn Hoyle, Efforts towards abolition of the death penalty: Challenges and prospects, Death Penalty Research Unit Research Paper Series, Research Paper No. 1, 3-4 (2023).
